CLINARY: PEMANFAATAN NADES BERBASIS SELULOSA DEDAK PADI SEBAGAI ADSORBEN MIKROPLASTIK PET UNTUK REMEDIASI PERAIRAN AIR TAWAR SECARA BERKELANJUTAN
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Aug 3, 2026
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Abstract
Microplastic pollution in freshwater bodies has become one of the global environmental challenges affecting ecosystems and human health. Rising temperatures and UV radiation intensity due to climate change further accelerate the degradation of plastic waste, thereby increasing the accumulation of microplastics in aquatic environments. Therefore, environmentally friendly technological innovations are needed to effectively reduce microplastic pollution. CLINARY was synthesized by modifying rice bran-derived cellulose using a choline chloride–glycerol-based NADES system to enhance its adsorption affinity toward PET microplastics. The research method involved CLINARY from rice bran cellulose, followed by testing its adsorption capacity for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics in freshwater samples using UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. The results of the study indicate that CLINARY exhibits high microplastic adsorption capacity with an efficiency of 72.1–85.7% under optimal conditions and pH 5. The physicochemical interactions between the hydroxyl groups on NADES and the surface of the microplastic polymers enable an effective adsorption process through FTIR. Furthermore, the use of rice bran waste as an adsorbent raw material not only reduces agricultural waste but also contributes to preserving the quality of freshwater resources, which are increasingly vulnerable due to the pressures of climate change. This innovation demonstrates potential as an eco-tech solution for managing microplastic pollution in water bodies while supporting efforts to mitigate the environmental crisis through the use of renewable resources and the application of environmentally friendly technologies in water quality treatment.
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Suyasa, W. B., Irdhawati, Simpen, I. N. (2025). Cellulose Extracted from Sweet Corn Stalks (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) as a Microplastic Filter Membrane. Ecological Engineering. Environmental Technology, 26(4), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/200658
Tejas, W., Shrikant, S., Vinod, W., Manisha, S., & Pallavi, P. (2023). Review on Green Chemistry. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 13(7), 190-193. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i7.5919
Tuleushev, A.Z., Harrison, F.E., Kozlovskiy, A.L., & Zdorovets, M.V. (2021). Assessment of the Irradiation Exposure of PET Film with Swift Heavy Ions Using the Interference-Free Transmission UV-Vis Transmission Spectra. Polymers, 13(3), 358. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030358
Wu, K., Ren, J., Wang, Q., Nuerjiang, M., Xia, X., & Bian, C. (2022). Research Progress on the Preparation and Action Mechanism of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Application in Food. Foods, 11(21), 3528. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11213528
Amanu, A.A., Zahrani, A.P., Ristaatin, F.A., Ardillah, A.R., & Radianto, D.O. (2024). Pengaruh Limbah Mikroplastik Terhadap Organisme dan Upaya Penanganannya. Manufaktur: Publikasi Sub Rumpun Ilmu Keteknikan Industri, 2(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.61132/manufaktur.v2i2.293
Anuar, N.F.S.K., Huyop F., Ur-Rehman, G., Abdullah F., Normi, Y.M., Sabullah K., & Wahab, R.A. (2022). An overview into polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolases and efforts in tailoring enzymes for improved plastic degradation. International Journal of Molecular Science, 23, 12644. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012644
Anuwa-Amarh, N. A., Dizbay-Onat, M., Venkiteshwaran, K., & Wu, S. (2024). Carbon-Based Adsorbents for Microplastic Removal from Wastewater. Materials, 17(22), 5428. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17225428
Arun. V., Perumal, E.M., Prakash, K.A., Rajesh, M., & Tamilarasan, K. (2020). Sequential Fractionation and Characterization of Lignin and Cellulose Fiber from Waste Rice Bran. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(5), 104124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104124
Cai, Z., Li, M., Zhu, Z., Wang, X., Huang, Y., Li, T., Gong, H., Yan, M. (2023). Biological Degradation of Plastics and Microplastics: A Recent Perspective on Associated Mechanisms and Influencing Factors. Microorganisms. 11(7), 1661. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071661
Cao, J., Cao, J., Wang, H., Chen, L., Cao, F., & Su, E. (2020). Solubility Improvement of Phytochemicals Using (Natural) Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Bioactivity Evaluation. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 318, 113997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113997
Chartres, N., Cooper, C.B., Bland, G., Gee, A., Valenzuela-Bustamante, D., Armstrong, B., Lim, M., Grundy, J., Kieu, T. (2024). Effects of Microplastic Exposure on Human Digestive, Reproductive, and Respiratory Health: A Rapid Systematic Review. Environmental Science & Technology, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c09524
Collins, A., Ateia, M., Bhagat, K., Ohno, T., Peereault, F., & Apul, O. (2022). Emerging Investigator Series: Microplastic-Based Leachate Formation under UV Irradiation: The Extent, Characteristics, and Mechanisms. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 8, 2478-2492.
Colombo, R., Moretto, G., Barberis, M., Frosi, I., & Papetti, A. (2023). Rice Byproduct Compounds: From Green Extraction to Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants, 13(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13010035
ECOTON. (2024). INDONESIA DARURAT MIKROPLASTIK : ECOTON Desak Penetapan Baku Mutu untuk Melindungi Gen Z dan Gen Alpha menjadi Generasi Emas BUKAN Generasi Lemas. [diunduh 2025 Jun 14]. Tersedia pada: https://ecoton.or.id/indonesia-darurat-mikroplastik-ecoton-desak-penetapan-baku-mutu-untuk-melindungi-gen-z-dan-gen-alpha-menjadi-generasi-emas-bukan-generasi-lemas/
Fadila, A., Amalia, V., & Wahyuni, I.R. (2023). Pengaruh Selulosa Ampas Tebu (Saccharum officinarum) sebagai Zat Pengisi Plastik Biodegradable Berbasis Pati Kulit Singkong (Manihot esculenta), Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia. 8(3), 332-341.
Fan, S., Qin, C., Xu, Z., Wang, Q., Yang, Y., Ni, X., Cheng, W., Zhang, P., Zhan, Y., Tao, L., Wu, Y. (2023). A Rapid and Accurate Quantitative Analysis of Cellulose in the Rice Bran Layer Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Foods, 12(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12162997
Fan, C., Sebbah, T., Liu, Y., & Cao, X. (2021). Terpenoid-Capric Acid Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent: Insight into the Nature of Low Viscosity. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 3, 100116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100116
Faria, M., Cunha, C., Gomes, M., Mendonça, I., Kaufmann, M., Ferreira, A., & Cordeiro, N. (2022). Bacterial Cellulose Biopolymers: The Sustainable Solution to Water-Polluting Microplastics. Water Research, 222, 118952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118952
Fan, C., Huang, Y.Z., Lin, J.N., & Li, J. (2022). Microplastic Quantification of Nylon and Polyethylene Terephthalate by Chromic Acid Wet Oxidation and Ultraviolet Spectrometry. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 28, 102683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102683
Ferreira, C., & Sarraguça, M. (2024). A Comprehensive Review on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Its Use to Extract Bioactive Compounds of Pharmaceutical Interest. Pharmaceuticals. 17(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010124
Frost, H., Bond, T., Sizmur, T., & Felipe-Sotelo, M. (2024). Sorption of Metal Ions onto PET-Derived Microplastic Fibers. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 26(12), 2309–2319. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EM00373J
Hikmawanti, N.P.E., Ramadon, D., Jantan, I., & Mun’im, A. (2021). Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES): Phytochemical Extraction Performance Enhancer for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Product Development. Plants, 10(10), 2091. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102091
Hunter, J.R., Qiao, Q., Zhang, Y., Shao, Q., Crofcheck, C., & Shi, J. (2023). Green Solvent Mediated Extraction of Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles from water. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 10585. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37490-6
Jauregi, P., Esnal-Yeregi, L., & Labidi, J. (2024). Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) for the Extraction of Bioactives: Emerging Opportunities in Biorefinery Applications. PeerJ Analytical Chemistry, 6, e32. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.32
Juric, T., Uka, D., Holló, B.B., Jovic, B., Nordic, B., & Popovic, B.M. (2021). Comprehensive Physicochemical Evaluation of Choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 343, 116968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116968
Kalina, S., Kapilan, R.Wickramasinghe, I, & Navaratne, S.B. (2024) Potential Use of Plant Leaves and Sheath as Food Packaging Materials in Tackling Plastic Pollution: A Review. Ceylon Journal of Science, 53(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8145
Kivelä, H., Salomäki, M., Vainikka, P., Mäkilä, E., Poletti, F., Ruggeri, S., Terzi, F., Lukkari, J. (2022). Effect of Water on a Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 126(2), 513–527. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08170
Leppänen, I., Lappalainen, T., Lohtander, T., Jonkergouw, C., Arola, S., & Tammelin, T. (2022). Capturing Colloidal Nano- and Microplastics with Plant-Based Nanocellulose Networks. Nature Communications, 13(1), 1814. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29446-7
Paladhi, A.G., Vallinayagam, S., Rajendran, S., Rathinam, V., & Sharma, V.K. (2022). Microalgae: A Promising Tool for Plastic Degradation. Microbes and Microbial Biotechnology for Green Remediation. 575–587.
Piao, Z., Agyei-Boakye, A.A., & Yao, Y. (2024). Environmental Impacts of Biodegradable Microplastics. Nature Chemical Engineering, 1(10), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44286-024-00127-0
Pivato, A., Gohar, H., Antille, D.L., Schievano, A., Beggio, G., Reichardt, P., Maria, F.D., Peng, W.,Castegnaro, S., Lavagnolo, M.C. (2024). Air-Polluting Emissions from Pyrolysis Plants: A Systematic Mapping. Environments, 11, 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11070149
Saxena, V. (2025). Water Quality, Air Pollution, and Climate Change: Investigating the Environmental Impacts of Industrialization and Urbanization. Water Air Soil Pollut, 236, 73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07702-4
Sayam, S., Islam, T., Tusti, T. H., & Ghosh, J. (2026). Microplastic Removal from Wastewater through Biopolymer and Nanocellulose-Based Green Technologies. RSC Sustainability, 4(1), 79–117. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00634A
Sharma, R., Nath, P.C., Mohanta, Y.K., Bhunia, B., Mishra, B., Sharma, M., Suri, S., Bhaswant, M., Nayak, P.K., Sridhar, K. (2024). Recent Advances in Cellulose-Based Sustainable Materials for Wastewater Treatment: An Overview. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 256(2), 128517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128517
Sharma, S., Sharma, V., & Chatterjee, S. (2023). Contribution of Plastic and Microplastic to Global Climate Change and Their Conjoining Impacts on the Environment - A Review. Science of The Total Environment, 875, 162267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162627
Suyasa, W. B., Irdhawati, Simpen, I. N. (2025). Cellulose Extracted from Sweet Corn Stalks (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) as a Microplastic Filter Membrane. Ecological Engineering. Environmental Technology, 26(4), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/200658
Tejas, W., Shrikant, S., Vinod, W., Manisha, S., & Pallavi, P. (2023). Review on Green Chemistry. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 13(7), 190-193. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i7.5919
Tuleushev, A.Z., Harrison, F.E., Kozlovskiy, A.L., & Zdorovets, M.V. (2021). Assessment of the Irradiation Exposure of PET Film with Swift Heavy Ions Using the Interference-Free Transmission UV-Vis Transmission Spectra. Polymers, 13(3), 358. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030358
Wu, K., Ren, J., Wang, Q., Nuerjiang, M., Xia, X., & Bian, C. (2022). Research Progress on the Preparation and Action Mechanism of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Application in Food. Foods, 11(21), 3528. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11213528